目 录 上一节 下一节 
When planning to go to a party, we need to consider two things. 1) Who will we be talking to, and 2) What are some likely topics. In this lesson you will see three sample conversations. Conversation A , Dan is calling Kay to confirm the party's information and accept the invitation. In Conversation B, Dan arrives at the party, greets Kay, the hostess, and offers her some wine he brought. Finally in Conversation C, Dan meets the other guests, then makes "small talk" and future plans with them. Requests are also made and received. Remember, any conversation needs to incorporate clarification strategies to be sure of the information. Many miscommunications have not only resulted in embarrassment, but even disaster. Various clarification strategies are used throughout the three conversations. Please read the notes, which will help you understand the text. Conversation A (Dan calls Kay) Dan: Hello Kay. It's Dan. I just received the invitation to your party. 
Dan: Well, let's see. It's next Saturday night, 7:00 pm, at 201 Liberty Lane, Champaign. Right? Kay: That's right. I hope you can come? Dan: It would be my pleasure. Can I bring anything? Kay: Just yourself. 
Kay: Bye. Dan: See you then. Conversation B (Dan and Kay upon his arrival.) 
Kay: Hi, come in. Glad to see you. Dan: (inside) Thanks for inviting me. I brought some wine. Kay: Oh, how nice. Let me take it to the kitchen. Go on into the living room. I think you know most everyone. Conversation C 
Bill: Hi! How are you? Dan: Fine. How about you? Bill: Super! Let me introduce you to my niece, Claire. Claire, this is Dan--he works with me at the office. 
Bill: Dan, this is my brother John's daughter, Claire. Dan: Pleased to meet you. I didn't know John had a daughter? Where's he been hiding you? Bill: She's been living out East with his wife's sister. She just moved back. Dan: What part of the East, Claire? 
Dan: It must be quite a change--coming back here? Claire: It is, but I'm glad to be back and see all my freinds. Bill: Hey, Dan. Do you still play golf? Dan: Not as much as I would like. 
Dan: That sounds great. How about tomorrow morning? B.&C.: Sure, say 7:00, out at Harrison Park? Dan: Great, 7 A.M. at Harrison. I'll look forward to it. Kay: (rejoining the group) I see you've met Elizabeth. 
Claire: It is. My aunt just calls me by Elizabeth. Dan: Well, I've not only met Elizabeth, but the three of us are off to the greens in the morning. Kay: She'll probably whip the both of you! Ha Ha. Bill: Dan, could you pass me that newspaper? Let's see what the weather's supposed to be. 
Bill: Thanks. Claire: How often do you play, Dan? Dan: Well, this year I've only played twice. How about you? Claire: I was playing weekly in Boston-- with my aunt, but since I came home I haven't played once. 
Dan: So are you saying it is supposed to be nice tomorrow? Bill: I sure am. It says it will be sunny and dry--perfect weather. Kay: Enough about golf. How's your dancing? Hey, Pete. Would you turn up the stereo? We've got a party going on! Notes 
This is a clarification strategy used to confirm the understood message. After saying this, Dan can be 100% sure that the message he understood is the same as the message Kay intended. If there was any misunderstanding, it could easily be cleared up at this point. Now that Dan is sure he understands the details, he can accept the invitation. "I hope you can make it?" Kay is expressing her hope that Dan can come; while at the same time, she is asking Dan to respond whether he can or not. By asking in this way, Dan can give a number of replies--Yes, No, Maybe, We'll see, Me too, etc. Kay doesn't make Dan feel that he must give her his answer right now--perhaps pressuring him or making him uncomfortable. She is being polite. "I'll be there with bells on." 
"Can I bring anything?" In most informal situations it is considered a common courtesy to ask the hostess this. Often the reply will be "no, but thank you for asking" or "if you like, but it's not necessary". Regardless of the hostess's reply, it is a friendly gesture on your part to take some wine, flowers, candy or even just potato chips--depending on the situation. "I'm looking forward to it." This is a polite conversation close. It says he won't forget, while signalling there is no more to say now. 
These two go together--each complementing the other. He is not only expressing his pleasure with words, but also reinforces the words with a gift. By saying this combination, neither Dan or Kay are left stumbling with who should say what about the wine which is obviously in Dan's arms. "Let me introduce you to..." Introductions are politely done in a particular form and with a specific pattern of words. 99% of the time an introduction will go as follows: "Dan, let me introduce you to Claire." 
The names are repeated as such to help the two parties to remember them. This form also implies an equality of the two parties. Often an explanation or connection is given for how the person doing the introducing has come to know the two. In Bill's case, he tells Dan that Claire is his niece and tells Claire that Dan works with him in his office. "What part of the East, Claire?" By asking a general question of Claire that follows up on a previous part of the conversation, Dan is showing interest in getting to know Claire better. And by using her name at the end, Dan is not only reinforcing his memory of her name, but also letting Claire know he was interested enough in her to remember her name. "It must be quite a change --coming back here?" 
"I'm glad to be back and see all of my friends." Claire chose to answer Dan's question in a very non-revealing way. With these words, Claire is saying "One good thing about being back is seeing my friends," and no more. She isn't forced to reply about any personal reasons for why she came back; however, if she would have liked to, the question would have allowed her to easily do so. "Do you still play golf?" Hobbies such as sports are often a way to begin a conversation with someone. When someone plays a particular sport, they are usually glad to talk about it and it is an easy way to make a common interest known. Bill not only asks Dan about a sport he plays, but Bill knows that it is a common interest of the three coversation participants and that they all could feel comfortable talking about it. 
Dan could have simply answered "Yes" or "No", but by replying this way he also conveys that he would like to play more. This gives Bill the opportunity to come back with a suggestion that they go and play sometime--a suggestion that Dan was probably hoping for when he chose which words to say. "I see you've met Elizabeth." This is a very easy way to enter into an already-in-progress conversation. It requires a response and that requires a break in the conversation-in-progress. "Elizabeth? I thought your name was Claire." 
"Could you pass me that newspaper?" By beginning with "could" this is asking,"Is it possible?". It is a polite way to make a request. But notice even though it is very polite there is no "please" used. "Please" may have been included, but it is common among close friends to drop it in a casual situation. With it, the request would seem more formal and since "could" was used it was not as formal as a request such as, "Please pass me the newspaper." "Sure, here you go." An informal answer to an informal request is appropriate. This answer implies that he doesn't mind at all--helping the requester to not feel uncomfortable asking for the assistance. 
Claire is now showing interest in knowing more about Dan. The question is not personal, but the reply could provide her with some clues into Dan's lifestyle. The theme of golf is used because it has already been seen to be an agreeable topic. You should be careful not to "wear out" a topic, however. "How about you?" When someone asks you a "How do you..." type question, 99% of the time the appropriate response is to first answer, then ask "How about you?" or "And you?". By doing this you will show that you are interested in others' choices or opinions. "Enough about golf! How's your dancing?" 
| 
