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野孩爱城市，也爱幽静，他多少有些逸兴闲情。眷恋都邑如弗斯克斯①，眷恋山林如弗拉克斯②。 ①弗斯克斯（Fuscus），贺拉斯作品中之人物。 ②弗拉克斯（Fuscus），一世纪拉丁诗人。 To roam thoughtfully about, that is to say, to lounge, is a fine employment of time in the eyes of the philosopher; particularly in that rather illegitimate species of campaign, which is tolerably ugly but odd and composed of two natures, which surrounds certain great cities, notably Paris. To study the suburbs is to study the amphibious animal. End of the trees, beginning of the roofs; end of the grass, beginning of the pavements; end of the furrows, beginning of the shops, end of the wheel-ruts, beginning of the passions; end of the divine murmur, beginning of the human uproar; hence an extraordinary interest. 边走边想，就是说，信步游荡，那是哲人消遣时光的好办法，尤其在环绕某些大城市棗特别是巴黎棗的那种相当丑陋怪诞、并由这两种景物合成的乡村里更是如此。观赏城郊，有如观赏两栖动物。树木的尽头，屋顶的开始，野草的尽头，石块路面的开始，犁迹的尽头，店铺的开始，车辙的尽头，欲望的开始，天籁的尽头，人声的开始，因此特别能令人兴趣盎然。 Hence, in these not very attractive places, indelibly stamped by the passing stroller with the epithet: melancholy, the apparently objectless promenades of the dreamer. 因此，富于冥想的人爱在那些缺少诱惑力、从来就被过路行人视作“凄凉”的地方，带着漫无目的的神情徘徊观望。 
写这几行字的人从前就常在巴黎四郊盘桓，今天对他来说，那也还是深切回忆的源泉。那些浅草，多石的小路，白垩，粘土，石灰渣，索然寡味的荒地和休耕地，在洼地上突然出现的由菜农培植的尝鲜蔬菜，这一自然界和资产阶级的结合现象，荒凉寥廓的林野，在那里军营里的鼓手们，仿佛以训练为儿戏，把战鼓敲得一片乱响，白天的旷野，黑夜的凶地，临风摇摆的风车，工地上的辘轳，坟场角上的酒店，被深色高墙纵横截划为若干方块的大片荒地上的奇情异景，阳光明媚，蝴蝶万千，凡此种种都吸引着他。 There is hardly any one on earth who is not acquainted with those singular spots, the Glaciere, the Cunette, the hideous wall of Grenelle all speckled with balls, Mont-Parnasse, the Fosse-aux-Loups, Aubiers on the bank of the Marne, Mont-Souris, the Tombe-Issoire, the Pierre-Plate de Chatillon, where there is an old, exhausted quarry which no longer serves any purpose except to raise mushrooms, and which is closed, on a level with the ground, by a trap-door of rotten planks. The campagna of Rome is one idea, the banlieue of Paris is another; to behold nothing but fields, houses, or trees in what a stretch of country offers us, is to remain on the surface; all aspects of things are thoughts of God. The spot where a plain effects its junction with a city is always stamped with a certain piercing melancholy. Nature and humanity both appeal to you at the same time there. Local originalities there make their appearance. 世上几乎没有人不认识下面这些奇怪的地方：冰窖、古内特、格勒内尔那道弹痕累累怪难看的墙、巴纳斯山、豺狼坑、马恩河畔的奥比埃镇、蒙苏里、伊索瓦尔坟，还有石料采尽后用来养菌、地上还有一道朽了的活板门的沙迪翁磐石。罗马附近的乡村是一种概念，巴黎附近的郊区又是另一种概念，我们对视野中的景物，如果只看见田野、房屋或树木，那就是停留在表面现象上，所有一切形形色色的事物都代表着上帝的意旨。原野和城市交接的地方总带着一种说不出的惆怅意味，沁人心脾。在那里，自然界和人类同时在你面前活动。地方的特色也在那些地方呈现出来了。 Any one who, like ourselves, has wandered about in these solitudes contiguous to our faubourgs, which may be designated as the limbos of Paris, has seen here and there, in the most desert spot, at the most unexpected moment, behind a meagre hedge, or in the corner of a lugubrious wall, children grouped tumultuously, fetid, muddy, dusty, ragged, dishevelled, playing hide-and-seek, and crowned with corn-flowers. All of them are little ones who have made their escape from poor families. The outer boulevard is their breathing space; the suburbs belong to them. There they are eternally playing truant. There they innocently sing their repertory of dirty songs. There they are, or rather, there they exist, far from every eye, in the sweet light of May or June, kneeling round a hole in the ground, snapping marbles with their thumbs, quarrelling over half-farthings, irresponsible, volatile, free and happy; and, no sooner do they catch sight of you than they recollect that they have an industry, and that they must earn their living, and they offer to sell you an old woollen stocking filled with cockchafers, or a bunch of lilacs. These encounters with strange children are one of the charming and at the same time poignant graces of the environs of Paris. 我们四郊附近的那些荒野，可以称为巴黎的晕珥，凡是和我们一样曾在那里游荡过的人，都瞥见过这儿那儿，在最偏僻的处所，最料想不到的时刻，或在一个阴惨的墙角里，一些吵吵闹闹、三五成群、面黄肌瘦、满身尘土、衣服破烂、蓬头散发的孩子，他们戴着矢车菊的花圈在作掷钱游戏①。那些全是从贫苦人家溜出来的小孩。城外的林荫路是他们呼吸的地方，郊野是他们的天地。他们永远在那些地方虚度光阴。他们天真烂漫地唱着成套的下流歌曲。他们待在那些地方，应当说，他们在那些地方生存，不被大家注意，在五月或六月的和煦阳光下，大家在地上一个小洞周围跪着，弯着大拇指打弹子，争夺一两文钱的胜负，没有什么责任感，遥遥自在，没人管束，心情欢快；他们一见到你，忽又想起他们是有正当职业的，并且得解决生活，于是跑来找你买一只爬满金龟子的旧毛袜或是一束丁香。碰到那种怪孩子也是巴黎郊外一种饶有情趣的乐事，同时也使人感到心寒。 ①一种游戏。在地上画圈，把钱币放在里面，用另一枚钱币把它打出圈外。 Sometimes there are little girls among the throng of boys,-- are they their sisters?--who are almost young maidens, thin, feverish, with sunburnt hands, covered with freckles, crowned with poppies and ears of rye, gay, haggard, barefooted. They can be seen devouring cherries among the wheat. In the evening they can be heard laughing. These groups, warmly illuminated by the full glow of midday, or indistinctly seen in the twilight, occupy the thoughtful man for a very long time, and these visions mingle with his dreams. 有时，在那一堆堆男孩中也有一些女孩棗是他们的姐妹吗？棗她们已几乎是大姑娘了，瘦，浮躁，两手焦黑，脸上有雀斑，头上插着黑麦穗子和虞美人，快乐，粗野，赤脚。有些待在麦田里吃樱桃。人们在夜间听到她们的笑声。这一群群被中午的骄阳晒到火热、或又依稀隐显在暮色中的孩子，常使富于遐想的人黯然神伤，久久不能忘怀，梦中也还受到那些幻象的萦扰。 
巴黎，中心，郊区，圆周，那便是那些孩子的整个世界。他们从来不越过那个范围。他们不能超出巴黎的大气层，正如游鱼不能离开水面。对他们来说，远离城门两法里以外，什么都没有。伊夫里、让第以、阿格伊、贝尔维尔、欧贝维利埃、梅尼孟丹、舒瓦齐勒罗瓦、比扬古、默东、伊西、凡沃尔、塞夫勒、普托、讷伊、让纳维利埃、科隆布、罗曼维尔、沙图、阿涅尔、布吉瓦尔、楠泰尔、安吉、努瓦西勒塞克、诺让、古尔内、德朗西、哥乃斯，①那便是宇宙的尽头了。 ①这些都是巴黎近郊的地名。 卷一·第六章 一点历史 At the epoch, nearly contemporary by the way, when the action of this book takes place, there was not, as there is to-day, a policeman at the corner of every street (a benefit which there is no time to discuss here); stray children abounded in Paris. The statistics give an average of two hundred and sixty homeless children picked up annually at that period, by the police patrols, in unenclosed lands, in houses in process of construction, and under the arches of the bridges. One of these nests, which has become famous, produced "the swallows of the bridge of Arcola." This is, moreover, the most disastrous of social symptoms. All crimes of the man begin in the vagabondage of the child. 在本书所叙故事向前进展的那个时代----其实几乎是当代----和今天是不一样的，当时并不是在巴黎的每个街角上都有一个警察（这是一种善政，现在却不是讨论的时候），在当时，到处都是流浪儿。根据统计，警察巡逻队平均每年要从没有围墙的空地上、正在建造的房屋里和桥拱下收容二百六十个孩子。在那些孩子窠里，有一处是一向著名的，有“阿尔科拉桥下燕子们”之称。那确是最糟糕的社会病态。人类的一切罪恶都是从儿童的流浪生活开始的。 Let us make an exception in favor of Paris, nevertheless. In a relative measure, and in spite of the souvenir which we have just recalled, the exception is just. While in any other great city the vagabond child is a lost man, while nearly everywhere the child left to itself is, in some sort, sacrificed and abandoned to a kind of fatal immersion in the public vices which devour in him honesty and conscience, the street boy of Paris, we insist on this point, however defaced and injured on the surface, is almost intact on the interior. It is a magnificent thing to put on record, and one which shines forth in the splendid probity of our popular revolutions, that a certain incorruptibility results from the idea which exists in the air of Paris, as salt exists in the water of the ocean. To breathe Paris preserves the soul. 巴黎却当别论。我们刚才虽然提到了一件往事，在一定的程度上，把巴黎除外却是正确的。在任何一个其他的大城市里，一个流浪的孩子，也就是一个没有指望的成人，几乎在任何地方，没人照顾的孩子都会染上种种恶习，自甘沉沦，丧尽天良和诚信，以致陷入无可挽救的境地；巴黎的野孩子却不是这样，我们要着重指出，表面上看起来他虽然貌不惊人，伤痕遍体，而他的内心却几乎是完好无损的。那是一种值得重视的奇光异彩，并且在我们历次人民革命辉煌灿烂的正大作风中显得鲜明夺目，在巴黎的空气中存在着一种信念，正如在海洋的浪潮中存在着盐，也正象盐能防腐一样，在从巴黎空气中得来的那种信念里产生了某种不可腐蚀的性格。呼吸巴黎的空气，便是保持灵魂的健康。 
上面我们所说的那些话，使我们在遇见那样一个孩子时绝不会无动于衷，我们总感到那些孩子从他们离散的家庭里带来的游丝还在飘荡。现代的文明还远没有达到完善的地步，那些破裂了的家庭把子女抛向黑暗，把自己的骨肉扔在公众的道路上，从此便不大知道他们变成了什么。这叫做……因为那种使人发愁的事已有了一句成语：“被摔在巴黎的石块路上”。 Let it be said by the way, that this abandonment of children was not discouraged by the ancient monarchy. A little of Egypt and Bohemia in the lower regions suited the upper spheres, and compassed the aims of the powerful. The hatred of instruction for the children of the people was a dogma. What is the use of "half-lights"? Such was the countersign. Now, the erring child is the corollary of the ignorant child. 附带说一句，那种遗弃儿女的事，在古代君主制度下是丝毫不受歧视的。下层社会略带一点埃及和波希米亚的作风，那是上层社会所欢迎的，那样可以替当权的人解决一些问题。仇视平民儿童的教养，原是一种信念。那些“浑大鲁儿”有什么用？那是当日的口头话。因此愚昧儿童的结局必然是当流浪儿童。 Besides this, the monarchy sometimes was in need of children, and in that case it skimmed the streets. 况且君主制在某些时候需要儿童，而当时儿童充斥街头。 Under Louis XIV., not to go any further back, the king rightly desired to create a fleet. The idea was a good one. But let us consider the means. There can be no fleet, if, beside the sailing ship, that plaything of the winds, and for the purpose of towing it, in case of necessity, there is not the vessel which goes where it pleases, either by means of oars or of steam; the galleys were then to the marine what steamers are to-day. Therefore, galleys were necessary; but the galley is moved only by the galley-slave; hence, galley-slaves were required. Colbert had the commissioners of provinces and the parliaments make as many convicts as possible. The magistracy showed a great deal of complaisance in the matter. A man kept his hat on in the presence of a procession--it was a Huguenot attitude; he was sent to the galleys. A child was encountered in the streets; provided that he was fifteen years of age and did not know where he was to sleep, he was sent to the galleys. Grand reign; grand century. 不用追溯得太远，我们只谈谈路易十四，当时国王需要建立舰队。动机是好的。但是让我们看看方法。帆船是风的玩具，必要时还得加以拖曳，如果没有凭借桡橹或蒸汽来供人指使的船舶，便谈不上舰队，当年海军的大桡船正如今天的汽船。因此必须有大桡船，大桡船又非有桡手不能移动，因而必须有桡手。柯尔培尔①授意各省都督和法院，要他们尽量制造苦役犯。当时的官府在这方面是奉命唯谨的。一个人在教会行列走过时头上还戴着帽子，这是新教徒的态度，该送去当桡手。在街上遇见一个孩子，只要他有了十五岁而没有住处，就送去当桡手。伟大的朝代，伟大的世纪。①柯尔培尔（Colbert，1619-1683），路易十四的大臣。 Under Louis XV. children disappeared in Paris; the police carried them off, for what mysterious purpose no one knew. People whispered with terror monstrous conjectures as to the king's baths of purple. Barbier speaks ingenuously of these things. It sometimes happened that the exempts of the guard, when they ran short of children, took those who had fathers. The fathers, in despair, attacked the exempts. In that case, the parliament intervened and had some one hung. Who? The exempts? No, the fathers. 在路易十五的统治下，巴黎的孩子绝了迹，警察时常掳走孩子，不知作什么神秘的用途。人们怀着万分恐怖的心情低声谈着有关国王洗红水澡的一些骇人听闻的推测。巴尔比埃①率直地谈着那些事。有时，孩子供不应求，警吏们便抓那些有父亲的孩子。父亲悲痛万状，跑去质问警吏。在那种情况下，法院便出面干涉，判处绞刑，绞谁？绞那些警吏吗？不是。绞那些父亲。 ①巴尔比埃（Barbier，1822-1901），法国剧作家。 | |
