| 目 录 上一节 下一节 
可是，每当我这样想的时候，立刻又有另一种思想出现在我的脑海里，并责怪我不应有上述这些念头。特别有一天，当我正带枪在海边漫步时，我思考着自己目前的处境。这时，理智从另一方面劝慰我："的确，你目前形单影只，孑然一身，这是事实。可是，你不想想，你的那些同伴呢？他们到哪儿去了？你们一同上船时，不是有十一个人吗？那么，其他十个人到哪儿去了呢？为什么他们死了，唯独留下你一个人还活着呢？是在这孤岛上强呢，还是到他们那儿去好呢？"说到去他们那儿时，我用手指了指大海--"他们都已葬身大海了！真是，我怎么不想想祸福相倚和祸不单行的道理呢？"这时，我又想到，我目前所拥有的一切，殷实充裕，足以维持温饱。要是那只大船不从触礁的地方浮起来飘近海岸，并让我有时间从船上把一切有用的东西取下来，那我现在的处境又会怎样呢？要知道，像我现在的这种机遇，真是千载难逢的。假如我现在仍像我初上岸时那样一无所有；既没有任何生活必需品，也没有任何可以制造生活必需品的工具，那我现在的情况又会怎么样呢？"尤其是，"我大声对自己说，"如果我没有枪，没有弹药，没有制造东西的工具，没有衣服穿，没有床睡觉，没有帐篷住，甚至没有任何东西可以遮身，我又该怎么办呢？"可是现在，这些东西我都有，而且相当充足，即使以后弹药用尽了，不用枪我也能活下去。我相信，我这一生决不会受冻挨饿，因为我早就考虑到各种意外，考虑到将来的日子；不但考虑到弹药用尽之后的情况，甚至想到我将来体衰力竭之后的日子。 I confess I had not entertain'd any Notion of my Ammunition being destroy'd at one Blast, I mean my Powder being blown up by Lightning, and this made the Thoughts of it so surprising to me when it lighten'd and thunder'd, as I observ'd just now. 我得承认，在考虑这些问题时，并未想到火药会被雷电一下子炸毁的危险；因此雷电交加之际，忽然想到这个危险，着实使我惊恐万状。这件事我前面已叙述过了。 And now being to enter into a melancholy Relation of a Scene of silent Life, such perhaps as was never heard of in the World before, I shall take it from its Beginning, and continue it in its Order. It was, by my Account, the 30th. of Sept. when, in the Manner as above said, I first set Foot upon this horrid Island, when the Sun being, to us, in its Autumnal Equinox, was almost just over my Head, for I reckon'd my self, by Observation, to be in the Latitude of 9 Degrees 22 Minutes North of the Line. 现在，我要开始过一种寂寞而又忧郁的生活了；这种生活也许在这世界上是前所未闻的。因此，我决定把我生活的情况从头至尾，按时间顺序一一记录下来。我估计，我是九月三十日踏上这可怕的海岛的；当时刚入秋分，太阳差不多正在我头顶上。所以，据我观察，我在北纬九度二十二分的地方。 After I had been there about Ten or Twelve Days, it came into my Thoughts, that I should lose my Reckoning of Time for want of Books and Pen and Ink, and should even forget the Sabbath Days from the working Days; but to prevent this I cut it with my Knife upon a large Post, in Capital Letters, and making it into a great Cross I set it up on the Shore where I first landed, viz. I came on Shore here on the 30th of Sept. 1659. Upon the Sides of this square Post I cut every Day a Notch with my Knife, and every seventh Notch was as long again as the rest, and every first Day of the Month as long again as that long one, and thus I kept my Kalander, or weekly, monthly, and yearly reckoning of Time. 上岛后约十一二天，我忽然想到，我没有书、笔和墨水，一定会忘记计算日期，甚至连安息日和工作日都会忘记。为了防止发生这种情况，我便用刀子在一根大柱子上用大写字母刻上以下一句句子："我于一六五九年九月三十日在此上岸。 "我把柱子做成一个大十字架，立在我第一次上岸的地方。在这方柱的四边，我每天用刀刻一个凹口，每七天刻一个长一倍的凹口，每一月刻一个再长一倍的凹口。就这样，我就有了一个日历，可以计算日月了。 In the next place we are to observe, that among the many things which I brought out of the Ship in the several Voyages, which, as above mention'd, I made to it, I got several things of less Value, but not all less useful to me, which I omitted setting down before; as in particular, Pens, Ink, and Paper, several Parcels in the Captain's, Mate's, Gunner's, and Carpenter's keeping, three or four Compasses, some Mathematical Instruments, Dials, Perspectives, Charts, and Books of Navigation, all which I huddel'd together, whether I might want them or no; also I found three very good Bibles which came to me in my Cargo from England, and which I had pack'd up among my things; some Portugueze Books also, and among them two or three Popish Prayer-Books, and several other Books, all which I carefully secur'd. And I must not forget, that we had in the Ship a Dog and two Cats, of whose eminent History I may have occasion to say something in its place; for I carry'd both the Cats with me, and as for the Dog, he jump'd out of the Ship of himself and swam on Shore to me the Day after I went on Shore with my first Cargo, and was a trusty Servant to me many Years; I wanted nothing that he could fetch me, nor any Company that he could make up to me, I only wanted to have him talk to me, but that would not do: As I observ'd before, I found Pen, Ink and Paper, and I husbanded them to the utmost, and I shall shew, that while my Ink lasted, I kept things very exact, but after that was gone I could not, for I could not make any Ink by any Means that I could devise. 另外，我还应该提一下，我从船上搬下来的东西很多，有些东西价值不大，但用处不校可是前面我忘记交待了。我这里特别要提一下那些纸、笔、墨水；船长、大副、炮手和木匠的一些东西，三四个罗盘啦，一些观察和计算仪器啦，日规仪啦，望远镜啦，地图啦，以及航海书籍之类的东西。当时我不管有用没用，通通收拾起来带上岸。同时，我又找到了三本很好的《圣经》，是随我的英国货一起运来的。我上船时，把这几本书打在我的行李里面。此外，还有几本葡萄牙文的书籍，其中有两三本天主教祈祷书和几本别的书籍。所以这些书本我都小心地保存起来。我也不应忘记告诉读者，船上还有一条狗和两只猫。关于它们奇异的经历，我以后在适当的时候还要谈到。我把两只猫都带上岸；至于那条狗，我第一次上船搬东西时，它就泅水跟我上岸了，后来许多年中，它一直是我忠实的仆人。我什么东西也不缺，不必让它帮我猎取什么动物，也不能做我的同伴帮我干什么事，但求能与它说说话，可就连这一点它都办不到。我前面已提到，我找到了笔、墨水和纸，但我用得非常节剩你们将会看到，只要我有墨水，我可以把一切都如实记载下来，但一旦墨水用完，我就记不成了，因为我想不出有什么方法可以制造墨水。 
这使我想到，尽管我已收集了这么多东西，我还缺少很多很多东西，墨水就是其中之一。其它的东西像挖土或搬土用的铲子、鹤嘴斧、铁锹，以及针线等等我都没有。至于内衣内裤之类，虽然缺乏，不久我也便习惯了。由于缺乏适当的工具，一切工作进行得特别吃力。我花了差不多整整一年的时间，才把我的小木栅或围墙建筑好。就拿砍木桩而言，木桩很重，我只能竭尽全力选用我能搬得动的。我化很长时间在树林里把树砍下来削好，至于搬回住处就更费时间了。有时，我得化两天的时间把一根木桩砍下削好再搬回来，第三天再打入地里。作为打桩的工具，我起初找了一块很重的木头；后来才想到了一根起货用的铁棒；可是，就是用铁棒，打桩的工作还是非常艰苦、非常麻烦的。 But what need I ha' been concern'd at the Tediousness of any thing I had to do, seeing I had time enough to do it in, nor had I any other Employment if that had been over, at least, that I could foresee, except the ranging the Island to seek for Food, which I did more or less every Day. 其实，我有的是时间，工作麻烦一点又何必介意呢？何况筑完围墙，又有什么其他工作可做呢？至少我一时还没有想到要做其他什么事情，无非是在岛上各处走走，寻找食物而已。这是我每天多多少少都要做的一件事。 I now began to consider seriously my Condition, and the Circumstance I was reduc'd to, and I drew up the State of my Affairs in Writing, not so much to leave them to any that were to come after me, for I was like to have but few Heirs, as to deliver my Thoughts from daily poring upon them, and afflicting my Mind; and as my Reason began now to master my Despondency, I began to comfort my self as well as I could, and to set the good against the Evil, that I might have something to distinguish my Case from worse, and I stated it very impartially, like Debtor and Creditor, the Comforts I enjoy'd, against the Miseries I suffer'd, Thus, 我开始认真地考虑自己所处的境遇和环境，并把每天的经历用笔详细地记录下来。我这样做，并不是为了留给后人看，因为我相信，在我之后，不会有多少人上这荒岛来；我这样做，只是为了抒发胸中的心事，每日可以浏览，聊以自慰。现在，我已开始振作起来，不再灰心丧气，因此，我尽量自勉自慰。我把当前的祸福利害一一加以比较，以使自己知足安命。我按照商业簿记的格式，分"借方"和"贷方"，把我的幸运和不幸，好处和坏处公允地排列出来： I am cast upon a horrible desolate Island, void of all hope of Recovery. 我流落荒岛，摆脱困境已属无望。 I am singl'd out and separated, as it were, from all the World to be miserable. 唯我独存，孤苦伶仃，困苦万状。 
我与世隔绝，仿佛是一个隐士，一个流放者。 I have not Clothes to cover me. 我没有衣服穿。 I am without any Defence or Means to resist any Violence of Man or Beast. 我无法抵御人类或野兽的袭击。 I have no Soul to speak to, or relieve me. 我没有人可以交谈，也没有人能解救我。 Good. 福与利： 
唯我独生，船上同伴皆葬身海底。 But I am singl'd out too from all the Ship's Crew to be spar'd from Death; and he that miraculously sav'd me from Death, can deliver me from this Condition. 在全体船员中，我独免一死；上帝既然以其神力救我一命，也必然会救我脱离目前的困境。 But I am in a hot Climate, where if I had Clothes I could hardly wear them. 小岛虽荒凉，但我尚有粮食，不至饿死。 But I am cast on an Island, where I see no wild Beasts to hurt me, as I saw on the Coast of Africa: And what if I had been Shipwreck'd there? 我地处热带，即使有衣服也穿不祝 But God wonderfully sent the Ship in near enough to the Shore, that I have gotten out so many necessary things as will either supply my Wants, or enable me to supply my self even as long as I live. 在我所流落的孤岛上，没有我在非洲看到的那些猛兽。假如我在非洲沿岸覆舟，那又会怎样呢？
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