| 目 录 上一节 下一节 
但上帝神奇地把船送到海岸附近，使我可以从船上取下许多有用的东西，让我终身受用不荆总而言之，从上述情况看，我目前的悲惨处境在世界上是绝无仅有的。但是，即使在这样的处境中，也祸福相济，有令人值得庆幸之处。我希望世上的人都能从我不幸的遭遇中取得经验和教训。那就是，在万般不幸之中，可以把祸福利害一一加以比较，找出可以聊以自慰的事情，然后可以归入账目的"贷方金额"这一项。 Having now brought my Mind a little to relish my Condition, and given over looking out to Sea to see if I could spy a Ship, I say, giving over these things, I began to apply my self to accommodate my way of Living, and to make things as easy to me as I could. 现在，我对自己的处境稍感宽慰，就不再对着海面望眼欲穿，希求有什么船只经过了。我说，我已把这些事丢在一边，开始筹划度日之计，并尽可能地改善自己的生活。 I have already describ'd my Habitation, which was a Tent under the Side of a Rock, surrounded with a strong Pale of Posts and Cables, but I might now rather call it a Wall, for I rais'd a kind of Wall up against it of Turfs, about two Foot thick on the Out-side, and after some time, I think it was a Year and Half, I rais'd Rafters from it leaning to the Rock, and thatch'd or cover'd it with Bows of Trees, and such things as I could get to keep out the Rain, which I found at some times of the Year very violent. 前面我已描述过自己的住所。那是一个搭在山岩下的帐篷，四周用木桩和缆索做成坚固的木栅环绕着。现在，我可以把木栅叫做围墙了，因为我在木栅外面用草皮堆成了一道两英尺来厚的墙，并在大约一年半的时间里，在围墙和岩壁之间搭了一些屋椽，上面盖些树枝或其他可以弄到的东西用来挡雨。因为，我发现，一年之中总有一段时间，大雨如注。 I have already observ'd how I brought all my Goods into this Pale, and into the Cave which I had made behind me: But I must observe too, that at first this was a confus'd Heap of Goods, which as they lay in no Order, so they took up all my Place, I had no room to turn my self; so I set my self to enlarge my Cave and Works farther into the Earth, for it was a loose sandy Rock, which yielded easily to the Labour I bestow'd on it; and so when I found I was pretty safe as to Beasts of Prey, I work'd side-ways to the Right Hand into the Rock, and then turning to the Right again, work'd quite out and made me a Door to come out, on the Out-side of my ale or Fortification. 前面我也说过，我把一切东西都搬进了这个围墙，搬进了我在帐篷后面打的山洞。现在我必须补充说一下，就是那些东西起初都杂乱无章地堆在那里，以致占满了住所，弄得我连转身的余地都没有。于是我开始扩大和挖深山洞。好在岩石质地是一种很松的沙石，很容易挖，当我觉得围墙已加固得足以防御猛兽的袭击时，我便向岩壁右边挖去，然后再转向右面，直至把岩壁挖穿，通到围墙外面，做成了一个可供出入的门。 This gave me not only Egress and Regress, as it were a back Way to my Tent and to my Storehouse, but gave me room to stow my Goods. 这样，我不但有了一个出入口，成了我帐篷和贮藏室的后门，而且有了更多的地方贮藏我的财富。 
现在，我开始着手制造日常生活应用的一些必需家具了，譬如说椅子和桌子，没有这两样家具，我连世上一些最起码的生活乐趣都无法享受。没有桌子，我写字吃饭无以为凭，其他不少事也无法做，生活就毫无乐趣可言。 So I went to work; and here I must needs observe, that as Reason is the Substance and Original of the Mathematicks, so by stating and squaring every thing by Reason, and by making the most rational Judgment of things, every Man may be in time Master of every mechanick Art. I had never handled a Tool in my Life, and yet in time by Labour, Application, and Contrivance, I found at last that I wanted nothing but I could have made it, especially if I had had Tools; however I made abundance of things, even without Tools, and some with no more Tools than an Adze and a Hatchet, which perhaps were never made that way before, and that with infinite Labour: For Example, If I wanted a Board, I had no other Way but to cut down a Tree, set it on an Edge before me, and hew it flat on either Side with my Axe, till I had brought it to be thin as a Plank, and then dubb it smooth with my Adze. It is true, by this Method I could make but one Board out of a whole Tree, but this I had no Remedy for but Patience, any more than I had for the prodigious deal of Time and Labour which it took me up to make a Plank or Board: But my Time or Labour was little worth, and so it was as well employ'd one way as another. 于是，我就开始工作。说到这里，我必须先说明一下，推理乃是数学之本质和原理，因此，如果我们能对一切事物都加以分析比较，精思明断，则人人都可掌握任何工艺。我一生从未使用过任何工具，但久而久之，以我的劳动、勤勉和发明设计的才能，我终于发现，我什么东西都能做，只要有适当的工具。然而，尽管我没有工具，也制造了许多东西，有些东西我制造时，仅用一把手斧和一把斧头。我想没有人会用我的方法制造东西，也没有人会像我这样付出无穷的劳力。譬如说，为了做块木板，我先砍倒一棵树，把树横放在我面前，再用斧头把两面削平，削成一块板的模样，然后再用手斧刮光。确实，用这种方法，一棵树只能做一块木板，但这是没有办法的办法，我唯有用耐心才能完成，只有化费大量的时间和劳力才能做一块板；反正我的时间和劳动力都已不值钱了，怎么用都无所谓。 However, I made me a Table and a Chair, as I observ'd above, in the first Place, and this I did out of the short Pieces of Boards that I brought on my Raft from the Ship: But when I had wrought out some Boards, as above, I made large Shelves of the Breadth of a Foot and Half one over another, all along one Side of my Cave, to lay all my Tools, Nails, and Iron-work, and in a Word, to separate every thing at large in their Places, that I might come easily at them; I knock'd Pieces into the Wall of the Rock to hang my Guns and all things that would hang up. 上面讲了，我先给自己做了一张桌子和一把椅子，这些是用我从船上运回来的几块短木板做材料制成的；后来，我用上面提到的办法，做了一些木板，沿着山洞的岸壁搭了几层一英尺半宽的大木架，把工具，钉子和铁器等东西分门别类地放在上面，以便取用。我又在墙上钉了许多小木钉，用来挂枪和其他可以挂的东西。 So that had my Cave been to be seen, it look'd like a general Magazine of all Necessary things, and I had every thing so ready at my Hand, that it was a great Pleasure to me to see all my Goods in such Order, and especially to find my Stock of all Necessaries so great. 假如有人看到我的山洞，一定会以为是一个军火库，里面枪支弹药应有尽有。一应物品，安置得井然有序，取用方便。我看到样样东西都放得井井有条，而且收藏丰富，心里感到无限的宽慰。 And now it was when I began to keep a Journal of every Day's Employment, for indeed at first I was in too much Hurry, and not only Hurry as to Labour, but in too much Discomposure of Mind, and my Journal would ha' been full of many dull things: For Example, I must have said thus. Sept. the 30th. After I got to Shore and had escap'd drowning, instead of being thankful to God for my Deliverance, having first vomited with the great Quantity of salt Water which was gotten into my Stomach, and recovering my self a little, I ran about the Shore, wringing my Hands and beating my Head and Face, exclaiming at my Misery, and crying out, I was undone, undone, till tyr'd and faint I was forc'd to lye down on the Ground to repose, but durst not sleep for fear of being devour'd. 现在，我开始记日记了，把每天做的事都记下来。在这之前，我天天匆匆忙忙，辛苦劳累，且心绪不宁。即使记日记，也必定索然无味。例如，我在日记中一定会这样写："九月三十日，我没被淹死，逃上岸来，吐掉了灌进胃里的大量海水，略略苏醒了过来。这时，我非但不感谢上帝的救命之恩，反而在岸上胡乱狂奔，又是扭手，又是打自己的头和脸，大叫大嚷自己的不幸，不断地叫嚷着'我完了，我完了！'直至自己精疲力尽，才不得不倒在地上休息，可又不敢入睡，唯恐被野兽吃掉。" 
几天之后，甚至在我把船上可以搬动的东西都运上岸之后，我还是每天爬到小山顶上，呆呆地望着海面，希望能看到船只经过。妄想过甚，有时仿佛看到极远处有一片帆影，于是欣喜若狂，以为有了希望；这时，我望眼欲穿，帆影却消失得无影无踪，我便一屁股坐在地上，像小孩似地大哭起来。这种愚蠢的行为，反而增加了我的烦恼。 But having gotten over these things in some Measure, and having settled my houshold Stuff and Habitation, made me a Table and a Chair, and all as handsome about me as I could, I began to keep my Journal, of which I shall here give you the Copy (tho' in it will be told all these Particulars over again) as long as it lasted, for having no more Ink I was forc'd to leave it off. 这个心烦意乱的阶段多少总算过去了，我把住所和一切家什也都安置妥当。后来又做好了桌子和椅子，样样东西安排得井井有条，我便开始记日记了。现在，我把全部日记抄在下面（有些前面提到过的事不得不重复一下）。但后来墨水用光了，我也不得不中止日记了。 The JOURNAL. 日记 September 30, 1659. I poor miserable Robinson Crusoe, being shipwreck'd, during a dreadful Storm, in the offing, came on Shore on this dismal unfortunate Island, which I call'd the Island of Despair, all the rest of the Ship's Company being drown'd, and my self almost dead. 一六五九年九月三十日我，可怜而不幸的鲁滨孙·克罗索，在一场可怕的大风暴中，在大海中沉船遇难，流落到这个荒凉的孤岛上。我且把此岛称之为"绝望岛"吧。同船伙伴皆葬身鱼腹，我本人却九死一生。 All the rest of that Day I spent in afflicting my self at the dismal Circumstances I was brought to, viz. I had neither Food, House, Clothes, Weapon, or Place to fly to, and in Despair of any Relief, saw nothing but Death before me, either that I should be devour'd by wild Beasts, murther'd by Savages, or starv'd to Death for Want of Food. At the Approach of Night, I slept in a Tree for fear of wild Creatures, but slept soundly tho' it rain'd all Night. 整整一天，我为自己凄凉的境遇悲痛欲绝。我没有食物，没有房屋，没有衣服，没有武器，也没有地方可逃，没有获救的希望，只有死路一条，不是被野兽吞嚼，被野人饱腹，就是因缺少食物而活活饿死。夜幕降临，因怕被野兽吃掉，我睡在一棵树上。虽然整夜下雨，我却睡得很香。 
十月一日清晨醒来，只见那只大船随涨潮已浮起，并冲到了离岸很近的地方。这大大出于我意料。使我感到快慰的是，大船依然直挺挺地停在那儿，没有被海浪打得粉碎。我想，待风停浪息之后，可以上去弄些食物和日用品来救急。但又想到那些失散了的伙伴，这使我倍感悲伤。我想，要是我们当时都留在大船上，也许能保住大船，至少也不至于被淹死。假如伙伴们不死，我们可以用大船残余部分的木料，造一条小船，我们可乘上小船划到别处去。这一天，大部分的时间我为这些念头所困扰。后来，看到船里没进多少水，我便走到离船最近的沙滩，泅水上了船。这一天雨还是下个不停，但没有一点风。 From the 1st of October, to the 24th. All these Days entirely spent in many several Voyages to get all I could out of the Ship, which I brought on Shore, every Tide of Flood, upon Rafts. Much Rain also in these Days, tho' with some Intervals of fair Weather: But, it seems, this was the rainy Season. 从十月一日至二十四日，我连日上船，把我所能搬动的东西通通搬了下来，趁涨潮时用木排运上岸。这几天雨水很多，有时也时停时续。看来，这儿当前正是雨季。
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