| 目 录 上一节 下一节 
其次，我又想到：尽管他们用如此残暴不仁的手段互相残杀，于我却毫无干系。他们并没有伤害我。如果他们想害我，我为了保卫自己而向他们进攻，那也还说得过去。可现在我并没有落到他们手里，他们也根本不知道我的存在，因而也不可能谋害我。在这种情况下，我若主动攻击他们，那就没有道理了。我若这样做，无异于承认那些西班牙人在美洲的暴行是正当的了。大家都知道，西班牙人在美洲屠杀了成千上万的当地土人。这些土著民族崇拜偶象，确确实实是野蛮民族；在他们的风俗中，有些仪式残忍野蛮，如把活人祭祀他们的偶像等等。可是，对西班牙人而言，他们都是无辜的。西班牙人这种杀人灭种的行为，无论在西班牙人自己中间，还是在欧洲各基督教国家中谈论起来，都引起极端的憎恶和痛恨，认为这是一种兽性的屠杀，一种人神共恨的残酷不仁的暴行。"西班牙人"这个名词，在一切具有人道主义思想和基督徒同情心的人们中，成了一个可怕的字眼，就仿佛只有西班牙这个国家才出这样的人：他们残酷不仁，对不幸的人竟毫无怜悯之心；而同情和怜悯正是仁慈品德的标志。 These Considerations really put me to a Pause, and to a kind of a Full-stop; and I began by little and little to be off of my Design, and to conclude, I had taken wrong Measures in my Resolutions to attack the Savages; that it was not my Business to meddle with them, unless they first attack'd me, and this it was my Business if possible to prevent; but that if I were discover'd, and attack'd, then I knew my Duty. 基于上述考虑，我中止了执行攻击野人的计划，或至少在某些方面几乎完全停止了行动。这样，我逐渐放弃了这一计划，因为，我认为自己作出袭击那些野人的决定是错误的。我不应干预他们的内部事务，除非他们先攻击我。我应做的是，只要可能，尽量防止他们攻击我自己。不过，现在我至少知道，如果自己一旦被发现并受到攻击，该如何对付他们了。 On the other hand, I argu'd with my self, That this really was the way not to deliver my self, but entirely to ruin and destroy my self; for unless I was sure to kill every one that not only should be on Shore at that Time, but that should ever come on Shore afterwards, if but one of them escap'd, to tell their Country People what had happen'd, they would come over again by Thousands to revenge the Death of their Fellows, and 1 should only bring upon my self a certain Destruction, which at present I had no manner of occasion for. 另外，我也认识到，这种主动攻击野人的计划不仅不能拯救自己，反而会完全彻底地毁灭自己。因为，除非我有绝对把握杀死当时上岸的每一个人，还能杀死以后上岸的每一个人；否则，如果有一个人逃回去，把这儿发生的一切告诉他们的同胞，他们就会有成千上万的人过来报仇，我这岂不是自取灭亡吗？这是我当前绝对不应该做的事。 Upon the whole I concluded, That neither in Principle or in Policy, I ought one way or other to concern my self in this Affair. That my Business was by all possible Means to conceal my self from them, and not to leave the least Signal to them to guess by, that there were any living Creatures upon the Island; I mean of humane Shape. 最后，我得出结论：无论在原则上还是策略上，我都不应该管他们自己的事。我的任务是，采取一切可能的办法，不让他们发现我，并且不能留下任何一点细微的痕迹，会让他们怀疑有人住在这小岛上。 Religion joyn'd in with this Prudential, and I was convinc'd now many Ways, that I was perfectly out of my Duty, when I was laying all my bloody Schemes for the Destruction of innocent Creatures, I mean innocent as to me: As to the Crimes they were guilty of towards one another, I had nothing to do with them; they were National, and I ought to leave them to the Justice of God, who is the Governour of Nations, and knows how by National Punishments to make a just Retribution for National Offences; and to bring publick Judgments upon those who offend in a publick Manner, by such Ways as best pleases him. 这种聪明的处世办法还唤起了我的宗教信念。种种考虑使我认识到，当时我制定的那些残酷的计划，要灭绝这些无辜的野人，完全背离了我自己的职责，因为，他们至少对我是无辜的。至于他们彼此之间所犯的种种罪行，于我毫无关系。他们所犯的罪行，是一种全民性的行为，我应该把他们交给上帝，听凭上帝的裁判，因为上帝是万民的统治者，上帝知道用什么样的全民性的处罚来惩治全民性的犯罪行为，怎样公开判决这些在光天化日之下吃人饮血的罪人。 
现在，事情在我看来已经非常清楚了。我觉得，上帝没有让我干出这件事来，实是一件最令我庆幸的事情。我认识到，我没有任何理由去干这件事；如果我真的干了，我所犯的罪行无异于故意谋杀。于是我跪下来，以最谦卑的态度向上帝表示感谢，感谢他把我从杀人流血的罪恶中拯救出来，并祈祷他保佑我，不让我落入野人手里，以防止我动手伤害他们；降非上天高声召唤我，让我为了自卫才这样做。 In this Disposition I continu'd, for near a Year after this; and so far was I from desiring an Occasion for falling upon these Wretches, that in all that Time, I never once went up the Hill to see whether there were any of them in Sight, or to know whether any of them had been on Shore there, or not, that I might not be tempted to renew any of my Contrivances against them, or be provok'd by any Advantage which might present it self, to fall upon them; only this I did I went and remov'd my Boat, which I had on the other Side the Island, and carry'd it down to the East End of the whole Island, where I ran it into a little Cove which I found under some high Rocks, and where I knew, by Reason of the Currents, the Savages durst not, at least would not come with their Boats, upon any Account whatsoever. 此后，我在这种心情下又过了将近一年。在这段时期，我再也没有去那座小山视察他们的踪影，了解他们有没有人上岸。因为，一方面我不想碰到这些残忍的家伙，不想对他们进行攻击；另一方面，我生怕自己一旦碰上他们会受不住诱惑，把我原来的计划付诸实施，生怕自己看到有机可趁时对他们进行突然袭击。在此期间，我只做了一件事：那就是把停放在岛那边的小船转移到岛的东边来。我在一个高高的岩石下发现了一个小湾，我就把船隐藏在这个小湾里。那儿有一股急流，我知道那些野人无论如何也不敢或不愿坐小船进来的。 With my Boat I carry'd away every Thing that I had left there belonging to her, though not necessary for the bare going thither, viz. A Mast and Sail which I had made for her, and a Thing like an Anchor, but indeed which could not be call'd either Anchor or Grapling; however, it was the best I could make of its kind: All these I remov'd, that there might not be the least Shadow of any Discovery, or any Appearance of any Boat, or of any human Habitation upon the Island. 同时，我把放在船上的一切东西都搬了下来，因为一般短途来往不需要这些东西，其中包括我自己做的桅杆和帆，一个锚样的东西--其实，根本不像锚或搭钩，可我已尽我所能，做成那个样子。我把船上所有的东西通通搬下来，免得让人发现有任何船只或有人居住的踪迹。 Besides this, I kept my self, as I said, more retir'd than ever, and seldom went from my Cell, other than upon my constant Employment, viz. To milk my She-goats, and manage my little Flock, in the Wood; which as it was quite on the other Part of the Island, was quite out of Danger; for certain it is, that these Savage People who sometimes haunted this Island, never came with any Thoughts of finding any Thing here; and consequently never wandred off from the Coast; and I doubt not, but they might have been several Times on Shore, after my Apprehensions of them had made me cautious as well as before; and indeed, I look'd back with some Horror upon the Thoughts of what my Condition would have been, if I had chop'd upon them, and been discover'd before that, when naked and unarm'd, except with one Gun, and that loaden often only with small Shot, I walk'd every where peeping, and peeping about the Island, to see what I could get; what a Surprise should I have been in, if when I discover'd the Print of a Man's Foot, I had instead of that, seen fifteen or twenty Savages, and found them pursuing me, and by the Swiftness of their Running, no Possibility of my escaping them. 此外，我前面已提到过，我比以往更深居简出。除了干一些日常工作，如挤羊奶，照料树林中的羊群等，我很少外出了。羊群在岛的另一边，因此没有什么危险。因为那些偶尔上岛的野人，从来没有想在岛上找到什么东西，所以他们从不离开海岸向岛里走。我也毫不怀疑，自从我处处小心提防他们之后，他们还照常到岛上来过好几次。真的，我一想到我过去出游的情况，不禁不寒而栗。我以前外出只带一支枪，枪里装的也是一些小子弹。就这样我在岛上到处东走走，西瞧瞧，看看能不能弄到什么吃的东西。在这种情况下，假使碰上他们，或被他们发现，我该怎么办呢？因为，我没有多少自卫能力。或者，假定我当时看到的不是一个人的脚印，而是一二十个野人，一见到我就向我追来。他们善于奔跑，我是无论如何跑不过他们的，那我必定会落在他们手里！ The Thoughts of this sometimes sunk my very Soul within me, and distress'd my Mind so much, that I could not soon recover it, to think what I should have done, and how I not only should not have been able to resist them, but even should not have had Presence of Mind enough to do what I might have done; much less, what now after so much Consideration and Preparation I might be able to do: Indeed, after serious thinking of these Things, I should be very Melancholly, and sometimes it would last a great while; but I resolv'd it at last all into Thankfulness to that Providence, which had deliver'd me from so many unseen Dangers, and had kept me from those Mischiefs which I could no way have been the Agent in delivering my self from; because I had not the least Notion of any such Thing depending,' or the least Supposition of it being possible. 有时想到这些，我就会吓得魂不附体，心里异常难过，半天都恢复不过来。我简直不能设想当时会怎么办，因为我不但无法抵抗他们，甚至会因惊惶失措而失去从容应付的能力，更不用说采取我现在经过深思熟虑和充分准备的这些措施了。的确，我认真地把这些事情思考过后，感到闷闷不乐，有时好半天都排解不开。最后，我总是想到上帝，感谢他把我从这么多看不到的危险中拯救出来，使我躲开了不少灾祸，而我自己是无论如何无法躲避这些灾祸的，因为我完全不可能预见到这些灾祸，也完全没有想到会有这种灾祸。 
以前，当在生活中遭遇到各种危难时，我开始认识到上帝对我们总是慈悲为怀，使我们绝处逢生。现在，这种感想又重新回到我的心头。我觉得，我们经常神奇地逃脱大难，连自己也不知道是怎么回事。有时，我们会陷入无所适从的境地，踌躇不定不知道该走哪条路才好。这时候，内心常常会出现一种暗示，指示我们走这条路，虽然我们原来想走的是那条路。不仅如此，有时我们的感觉、愿望、或我们的任务明明要我们走那条路，可是心里忽然灵机一动，要我们走这条路；这种灵机也不知道是从哪里来的，也不知道出自什么影响，可就是压倒了原来的一切感觉和愿望，使我们走这条路。结果，后来的事实证明，如果我们当初走了我们自己想走的路，或者走了我们心目中认为应该走的路，我们则早已陷于万劫不复的境地。反复思索之后，我自己定下了一条规矩：每当自己心里出现这种神秘的暗示或冲动，指示我应做什么或不应做什么，我就坚决服从这种神秘的指示，尽管我不知道为什么该这么做或该这么走，我知道的只是心里的这种暗示或冲动。在我一生中，可以找出许许多多这样的例子，由于我遵循了这种暗示或冲动而获得了成功，尤其是我流落到这个倒霉的荒岛上以后的生活，更证明了这一点。此外还有许多例子。当时我若能用现在的眼光去看待，是一定会意识到的。但是，世上有许多道理，只要有一天能大彻大悟，就不算太晚。我奉劝那些三思而后行的人，如果在他们的生活里，也像我一样充满了种种出乎寻常的变故，或者即使没有什么出乎寻常的变故，都千万不要忽视这种上天的启示，不管这种启示是什么看不见的神明发出的。关于这一点，我不准备在这里讨论，也无法加以阐明。但这种启示至少可以证明，精神与精神之间是可以交往的，有形的事物和无形的事物之间是有神秘的沟通的。而且，这种证明是永远无法推翻的。关于这一点，我将用我后半生的孤寂生活中一些很重要的例子加以证明。
| |
